架空地線復合光纜OPGW，地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)復合(he)(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)OPGWOptical Power Grounded Waveguide,又稱光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)架空(kong)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)傳(chuan)輸線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中含(han)有(you)供通(tong)(tong)信(xin)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)單(dan)元。它具有(you)2種(zhong)功能(neng)，其(qi)(qi)一是作(zuo)(zuo)為輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)雷(lei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，對(dui)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)抗(kang)雷(lei)擊(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)供屏蔽保(bao)護(hu)；其(qi)(qi)二是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)復合(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)，作(zuo)(zuo)為傳(chuan)送光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質，可(ke)(ke)以傳(chuan)送音頻、視頻、數據和各種(zhong)控制信(xin)號，組建(jian)多路(lu)寬帶通(tong)(tong)信(xin)網。OPGW光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)一般有(you)骨架式(shi)、中心管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)和層(ceng)絞式(shi)等(deng)幾(ji)種(zhong)。OPGW光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點：光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)鎧裝層(ceng)有(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械強(qiang)度特(te)(te)性，因此(ci)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)不受(shou)(shou)(shou)磨(mo)損、不受(shou)(shou)(shou)拉伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)應力(li)、不受(shou)(shou)(shou)側(ce)向壓(ya)力(li)，在(zai)(zai)根(gen)本上保(bao)證了光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)不受(shou)(shou)(shou)外(wai)力(li)損害。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)鎧裝層(ceng)有(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)雷(lei)擊(ji)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)和短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)，因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)仍可(ke)(ke)正常運(yun)行。OPGW光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)，可(ke)(ke)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)為架空(kong)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安裝在(zai)(zai)任意(yi)跨距的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)桿塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)掛點上。特(te)(te)殊(shu)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)OPGW光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)可(ke)(ke)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)替(ti)換原(yuan)有(you)高(gao)壓(ya)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)架空(kong)地(di)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，不用(yong)更換原(yuan)有(you)塔頭(tou)；與高(gao)壓(ya)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)同步建(jian)設光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統，可(ke)(ke)節省光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)施工(gong)費用(yong)，降低通(tong)(tong)信(xin)工(gong)程造(zao)(zao)價；纜(lan)徑小，重(zhong)量輕，不會給鐵塔帶來大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)外(wai)荷(he)載(zai)；運(yun)行溫度-40～+70℃。選(xuan)擇(ze)使用(yong)OPGW光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)應注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題：合(he)(he)(he)理選(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)外(wai)護(hu)套。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)外(wai)護(hu)套有(you)3種(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材：塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)機合(he)(he)(he)成材料(liao)、鋁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)造(zao)(zao)價低。為滿足(zu)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)套對(dui)紫外(wai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護(hu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，zui少要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)兩層(ceng)鎧裝。塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)OPGW承受(shou)(shou)(shou)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)(duan)時溫升能(neng)力(li)＜180℃；鋁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)造(zao)(zao)價較(jiao)低。由(you)于(yu)鋁材阻抗(kang)小，因此(ci)能(neng)加大(da)OPGW鎧裝層(ceng)承受(shou)(shou)(shou)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。鋁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)OPGW承受(shou)(shou)(shou)短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)引(yin)起(qi)短(duan)(duan)(duan)時溫升能(neng)力(li)＜300℃；不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)造(zao)(zao)價高(gao)。但是由(you)于(yu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁薄(bo)，在(zai)(zai)相同截面條件下(xia)裝入不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)芯數比塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和鋁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)都要(yao)(yao)多，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)多芯條件下(xia)單(dan)位光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)芯造(zao)(zao)價并不高(gao)。鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)OPGW承受(shou)(shou)(shou)短(duan)(duan)(duan)時溫升的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)可(ke)(ke)達(da)450℃。用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據工(gong)程具體情況(kuang)，合(he)(he)(he)理選(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)外(wai)護(hu)套。

當(dang)(dang)用OPGW光(guang)纜更換老線(xian)(xian)路地線(xian)(xian)時，必(bi)須選擇(ze)與(yu)原有(you)架(jia)空地線(xian)(xian)的機(ji)械特(te)性和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)特(te)性相當(dang)(dang)的OPGW。即OPGW的外徑、單位長度重量、極限拉(la)力、彈性模量、線(xian)(xian)膨脹(zhang)系(xi)數(shu)、短路電(dian)流(liu)等參數(shu)與(yu)現有(you)地線(xian)(xian)參數(shu)相接近，這樣既可(ke)以(yi)不改(gai)變現有(you)的塔頭，減少改(gai)造工程(cheng)量，又可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)OPGW與(yu)現有(you)相導線(xian)(xian)的安全(quan)(quan)距離，確保(bao)電(dian)力系(xi)統安全(quan)(quan)運行。

安(an)裝施工OPGW光(guang)(guang)纜與安(an)裝ADSS光(guang)(guang)纜差不(bu)多，使(shi)用的(de)金具也幾乎一樣(yang)，只是掛(gua)點不(bu)一樣(yang)，OPGW光(guang)(guang)纜要安(an)裝在架空地線的(de)位置上(shang)。光(guang)(guang)纜線路的(de)中間接頭位置必(bi)須通過(guo)配盤落在耐張鐵(tie)塔上(shang)。

　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)上幾種光纜(lan)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應用中，還需要共同注意的(de)(de)一(yi)點是：選(xuan)擇(ze)松套結(jie)(jie)構(gou)光纜(lan)，不要選(xuan)用緊套結(jie)(jie)構(gou)光纜(lan)。因為光纖在(zai)(zai)(zai)松套管(guan)內(nei)可以(yi)留有一(yi)定的(de)(de)余(yu)長(chang)，控制范(fan)圍在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.0%～1.0%之間典型數值為0.5%～0.7%。當光纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)施工時(shi)，或在(zai)(zai)(zai)重力(li)(li)(li)和風(feng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)作用下(xia)而發生拉伸時(shi)，只要光纜(lan)的(de)(de)拉伸長(chang)度在(zai)(zai)(zai)余(yu)長(chang)范(fan)圍內(nei)，光纖則(ze)具有應變(bian)能力(li)(li)(li)而不承受(shou)張力(li)(li)(li)，從(cong)而保證光纖的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)質量(liang)不受(shou)外力(li)(li)(li)影響。