那么什(shen)么是(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)？特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)究(jiu)竟(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個系統(tong)、直接、完整的(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)？目前來看(kan)，至少在我國是(shi)(shi)缺乏這樣(yang)的(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)的(de)(de)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)說，除了標準規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)正兒八(ba)經的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)、通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)等以(yi)外的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，都是(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)廠把(ba)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)說成是(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)等等。但(dan)截至目前，都沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個專家站出來給特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)下一(yi)個確切的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義。從宣(xuan)傳(chuan)資料(liao)中看(kan)，人(ren)(ren)們把(ba)只能傳(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能和通(tong)信(xin)信(xin)號而不具(ju)備任何其他輔助功(gong)能和性(xing)能的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，稱(cheng)之為傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，而把(ba)還具(ju)備特(te)(te)殊輔助功(gong)能和性(xing)能的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，稱(cheng)之為特(te)(te)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。特(te)(te)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)系列具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)*性(xing)能和特(te)(te)殊結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，相當(dang)于量大(da)面廣的(de)(de)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)而言(yan)，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)技術(shu)含量較高、使用條件較嚴格、批量較小(xiao)、附加(jia)值較高的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。往(wang)往(wang)采用新材料(liao)、新結(jie)構(gou)、新工藝和新的(de)(de)設(she)計計算。

特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由(you)于其使用場合(he)的(de)特(te)殊性(xing)，對其性(xing)能較(jiao)常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)有著特(te)殊要求，如：高溫(wen)、低(di)溫(wen)、縱(zong)向或徑向壓力密(mi)封性(xing)（氣或水(shui)）、紫外(wai)線(xian)(xian)、臭氧、潤(run)滑或燃料(liao)油、特(te)種(zhong)(zhong)熔劑、彎曲(qu)、曲(qu)撓、抗拉、抗壓、強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或強磁(ci)場干(gan)擾、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)、輻(fu)射、阻燃、耐火等。例如：耐高溫(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（含(han)聚醚砜(feng)（PES）絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和(he)聚醚醚酮（PEEK）絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)）；用途(tu)和(he)結構(gou)特(te)殊的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（含(han)有低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和(he)低(di)噪音電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)）；功能化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（含(han)有氟樹脂自控(kong)穩135℃加(jia)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)致發光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)）；新(xin)型綠(lv)絕(jue)(jue)緣環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（含(han)有CMP電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和(he)無鹵(lu)新(xin)型綠(lv)色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)）。

特(te)(te)種電纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)是應(ying)市場特(te)(te)殊(shu)需(xu)要(yao)而產(chan)生的(de)(de)。隨著電氣設備高度(du)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、地球環境(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)變化(hua)以(yi)及(ji)人們(men)對生活質量要(yao)求的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，都在(zai)呼喚一些具備特(te)(te)殊(shu)功能和性(xing)能的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)問(wen)世。現代(dai)高科技的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，對各(ge)(ge)行各(ge)(ge)業(ye)、各(ge)(ge)種不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同電力和信號傳輸要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，以(yi)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同使用環境(jing)(jing)（甚至于惡劣的(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)）要(yao)求的(de)(de)電纜(lan)，都有特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)性(xing)能要(yao)求，使得所用電纜(lan)的(de)(de)品(pin)種琳(lin)瑯滿目。

電(dian)纜的(de)(de)產生是(shi)產品多(duo)元化(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)必然結果(guo)。因而(er)特種電(dian)纜產品在傳統(tong)產品堅(jian)實的(de)(de)基礎上，又有了較大的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，新增加的(de)(de)產品種類在不(bu)斷擴展(zhan)，而(er)重(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)頻率則相(xiang)對不(bu)是(shi)很多(duo)，因而(er)根據使(shi)用(yong)者的(de)(de)要求，能(neng)夠設計(ji)并生產不(bu)同(tong)特殊產品的(de)(de)能(neng)力是(shi)至(zhi)關重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)。

標準缺失

目前來看(kan)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)對于特(te)種電纜的(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)沒有(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)，那么在(zai)行(xing)業(ye)標準(zhun)和國(guo)家標準(zhun)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)所改觀？如果我(wo)(wo)們去查找相(xiang)關資料(liao)，我(wo)(wo)們發現竟(jing)然(ran)對特(te)種電纜產(chan)品同(tong)樣缺(que)乏(fa)統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)國(guo)家標準(zhun)和行(xing)業(ye)標準(zhun)。如此一(yi)(yi)來就(jiu)體現了標準(zhun)缺(que)失的(de)(de)兩面(mian)(mian)性，一(yi)(yi)種是(shi)(shi)對行(xing)業(ye)發展顯然(ran)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)利的(de)(de)，另外一(yi)(yi)種從企業(ye)發展的(de)(de)角度講，卻是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)利的(de)(de)。為什么這樣說？我(wo)(wo)們在(zai)查閱(yue)新產(chan)品資料(liao)時，所見到各種特(te)種產(chan)品標準(zhun)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)各個企業(ye)自己制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)產(chan)品標準(zhun)，這不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種創新，更意味(wei)著企業(ye)在(zai)抓住市場的(de)(de)主導權。正所謂“定(ding)(ding)規則(ze)者得天(tian)下”，說的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)這么一(yi)(yi)個道(dao)理(li)。

我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)現有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)制(zhi)造企業近7000多(duo)家(jia)，其(qi)中能(neng)生(sheng)產特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)近一(yi)半(ban)多(duo)，但(dan)生(sheng)產防火電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、機車車輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)站電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、加熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)廠(chang)家(jia)卻很(hen)少(shao)，占現有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)制(zhi)造企業總數(shu)不足(zu)1%，此類(lei)特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)出(chu)現供給不足(zu)，部分依賴進口；生(sheng)產屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、計算機電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、連接軟電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、高(gao)溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)又(you)主(zhu)要(yao)集中在一(yi)些(xie)小型企業，企業資(zi)本(ben)(ben)、技術、人才都比較薄弱，產品質(zhi)量(liang)得不到保證(zheng)，由于其(qi)價格低，市(shi)場往(wang)往(wang)被他們所壟斷。這(zhe)些(xie)企業并沒(mei)有(you)形成(cheng)(cheng)自己的(de)核心競爭力，很(hen)難抵御市(shi)場的(de)沖(chong)擊。受國(guo)(guo)內(nei)原材(cai)料性能(neng)及生(sheng)產裝備水平的(de)限制(zhi)，為了保險起見(jian)，國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產的(de)特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)非金屬護層普遍(bian)偏厚，導致我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)材(cai)料的(de)平均(jun)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)始終(zhong)占總成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)40%-50%，有(you)的(de)甚至更高(gao)。而國(guo)(guo)外同類(lei)產品的(de)用料卻很(hen)少(shao)，平均(jun)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)占總成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)25%-30%，進口產品其(qi)銷售利潤往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)產品的(de)3-4倍。

目前(qian)，國(guo)內生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)特種(zhong)電纜(lan)的(de)企業(ye)中存(cun)在著一大批小型企業(ye)，技術(shu)裝備水平及人(ren)員素質很低，有一部(bu)分企業(ye)規模相(xiang)當于作坊式企業(ye)，與國(guo)外(wai)(wai)同類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)相(xiang)比(bi)存(cun)在較大差距，難以(yi)抵御國(guo)外(wai)(wai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)沖擊。尤其是隨著跨國(guo)公司(si)的(de)進入，低價競爭的(de)中國(guo)線纜(lan)行業(ye)將面臨嚴峻考驗。